Release 5 R6 Ballot (3rd Draft)

This page is part of the FHIR Specification (v5.0.0: R5 - STU v6.0.0-ballot3: Release 6 Ballot (3rd Draft) (see Ballot Notes ). This is the The current published version in it's permanent home (it will always be available at this URL). is 5.0.0 . For a full list of available versions, see the Directory of published versions . Page versions: R5 R4B R4

12.18 Resource ServiceRequest - Content

Orders and Observations icon Work Group Maturity Level : 4   Trial Use Security Category : Patient Compartments : Device , Encounter , Group , Patient , Practitioner , RelatedPerson

A record of a request for service such as diagnostic investigations, treatments, or operations to be performed. When the ServiceRequest is active, it represents an authorization to perform the service.

12.18.1 Scope and Usage

This resource is a request resource from a FHIR workflow perspective - see Workflow .

ServiceRequest represents an order or proposal or plan, as distinguished by ServiceRequest.intent plan to perform a diagnostic or other service on or for a patient. ServiceRequest represents a proposal or plan or order for a service to be performed that would result in a Procedure or DiagnosticReport , which patient (including non-human patients in turn may reference one or more Observations , which summarize the performance veterinary settings). Examples of the procedures and associated documentation such as observations, images, findings that are relevant to the treatment/management types of the subject. This resource services that may be used to share relevant information required to support a referral or ordered by a transfer of care request from one practitioner or organization ServiceRequest are:

Note to another when a patient Balloters: The new 'servicerequest-specimenSuggestion' extension is required expected to be referred to another provider for a consultation /second opinion and/or for short term or longer term management available soon in an upcoming release of one or more health issues or problems. Examples include: the Extensions Pack.

  • diagnostic tests/studies
  • endoscopic procedures
  • counseling
  • biopsies
  • therapies (e.g., physio-, social-, psychological-)
  • (exploratory) surgeries or procedures
  • exercises
  • specialist consultation and assessments
  • community services
  • nursing services
  • pharmacist medication review, and
  • other clinical interventions.

Procedures may be performed by a healthcare professional, a friend or relative or in some cases by the patient themselves. The principal intention of ServiceRequest is to support ordering procedures for one patient (which includes non-human patients in veterinary medicine). However, in many contexts, healthcare related processes include performing diagnostic investigations on groups of subjects, devices involved in the provision of healthcare, and even environmental locations such as ducts, bodies of water, etc. A ServiceRequest supports all these usages. The service request may can represent an order that is entered by a practitioner in a CPOE system as well as system, or a proposal made by a clinical decision support (CDS) system based on a patient's clinical record and context of care. Planned procedures referenced by procedures, perhaps following a defined CarePlan , may also be represented by this resource.

The ServiceRequest.intent element identifies if the resource represents an order, proposal, or plan to perform the indicated service for, or on, a patient. The service to be performed might result in a Procedure ; and could be summarized in a DiagnosticReport detailing the performance and outcomes, perhaps through referencing select generated Observations , ImagingStudies , Specimens or other resources. The various generated resources are typically linked back to this ServiceRequest through their basedOn elements. The ServiceRequest resource may be used to share information to support a referral or transfer-of-care request from one practitioner or organization to another for a consultation, second opinion, or short- or longer-term management of health issues or problems.

Healthcare-related processes may also include requesting diagnostic investigation on a group of subjects; ordering maintenance of devices involved in the provision of healthcare; or, requesting testing of environmental locations such as ducts, bodies of water, etc.

Procedures may be performed by a healthcare professional, by the patient themself, or a friend or relative.

The general work flow that this resource facilitates is that a clinical system creates a service request. The service request is then accessed by or exchanged with a system, exchanged, perhaps via intermediaries, with a system that represents an organization (e.g., diagnostic or imaging service, surgical team, physical therapy department) that can perform the procedure. The organization receiving the service request will, after it accepts the request, update the request as the work is performed, and then finally issue a report that references the requests that it fulfilled.

The ServiceRequest resource allows requesting only Only a single procedure. If procedure is requested by each ServiceRequest; if a workflow requires requesting multiple procedures simultaneously, this is done using multiple instances of this resource. ServiceRequests. These instances can be linked in different ways, depending on the needs of the workflow. For guidance, refer to the Request pattern .

Multiple ServiceRequests may exist that are associated in some way. When the association is a simple grouping, say for billing, that grouping can be indicated with the ServiceRequest.requisition element. When the ServiceRequest execution needs to be coordinated in some fashion, another resource such as RequestOrchestration may be needed.

This resource is a request resource from a FHIR workflow perspective - see Workflow .

12.18.2 Boundaries and Relationships

ServiceRequest is a record of a proposal/plan or order for a service to be performed that would result in a Procedure , Observation , DiagnosticReport , ImagingStudy , or similar resource. In contrast to ServiceRequest, Task which spans both intent and event and event, tracks the execution through to completion completion, and is intended for "administrative" actions like requesting and tracking things to be done to a record, or keeping track of a checklist of steps such to be performed as part of a fulfilment process. A ServiceRequest can be higher-level authorization that triggered the creation of Task, or it can be the "request" resource Task is seeking to fulfill. For further information about this separation of responsibilities between ServiceRequest and Task, refer to the Fulfillment/Execution section of the Request pattern.

ServiceRequest and CommunicationRequest are related. A CommunicationRequest is a request to merely disclose information. Whereas a ServiceRequest would be used to request information as part of training or counseling - i.e. when the process will involve verification of the patient's comprehension or an attempt to change the patient's mental state. In some workflows both may exist. For example, upon receiving a CommunicationRequest a practitioner might initiate a ServiceRequest.

Note to Implementers:

The ServiceRequest.orderDetail structure is subject to further feedback based on use as the modeling creates a challenge when there is no focus, while an alternate structure would yield a requirement to repeat the focus attribute on each code/value pair.

Provide feedback here icon.

12.18.3 References to this Resource

12.18.4 Resource Content

Structure

Explanation/Justification for procedure
Name Flags Card. Type Description & Constraints doco
. . ServiceRequest TU DomainResource A request for a service to be performed
+ Rule: bodyStructure SHALL only be present if bodySite is not present
+ Rule: orderDetail SHALL only be present if code is present
+ Rule: asNeededFor SHALL only be present if asNeeded is empty or true

Elements defined in Ancestors: id , meta , implicitRules , language , text , contained , extension , modifierExtension
. . . identifier Σ 0..* Identifier Identifiers assigned to this order

. . . instantiatesCanonical Σ 0..* canonical ( ActivityDefinition | PlanDefinition ) Instantiates FHIR protocol or definition

. . . instantiatesUri Σ 0..* uri Instantiates external protocol or definition

. . . basedOn Σ 0..* Reference ( CarePlan | ServiceRequest | MedicationRequest | RequestOrchestration | NutritionOrder ) What request fulfills

. . . replaces Σ 0..* Reference ( ServiceRequest ) What request replaces

. . . requisition Σ 0..1 Identifier Composite Request ID
. . . status ?! Σ 1..1 code draft | active | on-hold | revoked entered-in-error | ended | completed | entered-in-error revoked | unknown
Binding: RequestStatus ( Required )
. . . intent ?! Σ 1..1 code proposal | plan | directive | order +
Binding: RequestIntent ( Required )
. . . category Σ 0..* CodeableConcept Classification of service
Binding: Service Request Category Codes ( Example )

. . . priority Σ 0..1 code routine | urgent | asap | stat
Binding: RequestPriority ( Required )
. . . doNotPerform ?! Σ 0..1 boolean True if service/procedure should not be performed
. . . code Σ C 0..1 CodeableReference ( ActivityDefinition | PlanDefinition ) What is being requested/ordered
Binding: Procedure Codes (SNOMED CT) ( Example )
. . . orderDetail Σ C 0..* BackboneElement Additional order information about the request

. . . . parameterFocus 0..1 CodeableReference ( Device | DeviceDefinition | DeviceRequest | SupplyRequest | Medication | MedicationRequest | BiologicallyDerivedProduct | Substance ) The context of the order details by reference
. . . . parameter Σ 1..* BackboneElement The parameter details for the service being requested

. . . . . code Σ 1..1 CodeableConcept The detail of the order being requested
Binding: Servicerequest OrderDetail Parameter Code ( Example )
. . . . . value[x] Σ 1..1 The value for the order detail
. . . . . . valueQuantity Quantity
. . . . . . valueRatio Ratio
. . . . . . valueRange Range
. . . . . . valueBoolean boolean
. . . . . . valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept
. . . . . . valueString string
. . . . . . valuePeriod Period
. . . quantity[x] Σ 0..1 Service amount
. . . . quantityQuantity Quantity
. . . . quantityRatio Ratio
. . . . quantityRange Range
. . . subject Σ 1..1 Reference ( Patient | Group | Location | Device ) Individual or Entity the service is ordered for
. . . focus Σ 0..* Reference ( Any ) What the service request is about, when it is not about the subject of record

. . . encounter Σ 0..1 Reference ( Encounter ) Encounter in which the request was created
. . . occurrence[x] Σ 0..1 When service should occur
. . . . occurrenceDateTime dateTime
. . . . occurrencePeriod Period
. . . . occurrenceTiming Timing
. . asNeeded[x] . asNeeded Σ 0..1 boolean Preconditions for Perform the service Binding: SNOMED CT Medication As Needed Reason Codes ( Example ) "as needed"
. . asNeededBoolean . asNeededFor boolean Σ asNeededCodeableConcept C 0..* CodeableConcept Specified criteria for the service
Binding: SNOMED CT Medication As Needed Reason Codes ( Example )

. . . authoredOn Σ 0..1 dateTime Date request signed
. . . requester Σ 0..1 Reference ( Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Patient | RelatedPerson | Device | Group ) Who/what is requesting service
. . . performerType Σ 0..1 CodeableConcept Performer role
Binding: Participant Roles ( Example )
. . . performer Σ 0..* Reference ( Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam | HealthcareService | Patient | Device | RelatedPerson | Group ) Requested performer

. . . location Σ 0..* CodeableReference ( Location ) Requested location
Binding: ServiceDeliveryLocationRoleType icon ( Example )

. . . reason Σ 0..* CodeableReference ( Condition | Observation | DiagnosticReport | DocumentReference | DetectedIssue | Procedure ) Reason or indication for requesting the service
Binding: Procedure Reason Codes ( Example )

. . . insurance 0..* Reference ( Coverage | ClaimResponse ) Associated insurance coverage

. . . supportingInfo 0..* CodeableReference ( Any ) Additional clinical information

. . . specimen Σ XD 0..* Reference ( Specimen ) Procedure Samples

. . . bodySite Σ C 0..* CodeableConcept Coded location on Body
Binding: SNOMED CT Body Structures ( Example )

. . . bodyStructure Σ C 0..1 Reference ( BodyStructure ) BodyStructure-based location on the body
. . . note 0..* Annotation Comments

. . . patientInstruction 0..* BackboneElement Patient or consumer-oriented instructions

. . . . instruction[x] Σ 0..1 Patient or consumer-oriented instructions
. . . . . instructionMarkdown markdown
. . . . . instructionReference Reference ( DocumentReference )
. . . relevantHistory 0..* Reference ( Provenance ) Request provenance


doco Documentation for this format icon

See the Extensions for this resource

UML Diagram ( Legend )

ServiceRequest ( DomainResource ) Identifiers assigned to this order instance by the orderer and/or the receiver and/or order fulfiller identifier : Identifier [0..*] The URL pointing to a FHIR-defined protocol, guideline, orderset or other definition that is adhered to in whole or in part by this ServiceRequest instantiatesCanonical : canonical [0..*] « ActivityDefinition | PlanDefinition » The URL pointing to an externally maintained protocol, guideline, orderset or other definition that is adhered to in whole or in part by this ServiceRequest instantiatesUri : uri [0..*] Plan/proposal/order fulfilled by this request basedOn : Reference [0..*] « CarePlan | ServiceRequest | MedicationRequest | RequestOrchestration | NutritionOrder » The request takes the place of the referenced completed or terminated request(s) replaces : Reference [0..*] « ServiceRequest » A shared identifier common to all service requests that were authorized more or less simultaneously by a single author, representing the composite or group identifier requisition : Identifier [0..1] The status of the order (this element modifies the meaning of other elements) status : code [1..1] « null (Strength=Required) RequestStatus ! » Whether the request is a proposal, plan, an original order or a reflex order (this element modifies the meaning of other elements) intent : code [1..1] « null (Strength=Required) RequestIntent ! » A code that classifies the service for searching, sorting and display purposes (e.g. "Surgical Procedure") category : CodeableConcept [0..*] « null (Strength=Example) ServiceRequestCategoryCodes ?? » Indicates how quickly the ServiceRequest should be addressed with respect to other requests priority : code [0..1] « null (Strength=Required) RequestPriority ! » Set this to true if the record is saying that the service/procedure should NOT be performed (this element modifies the meaning of other elements) doNotPerform : boolean [0..1] A code or reference that identifies a particular service (i.e., procedure, diagnostic investigation, or panel of investigations) that have has been requested code : CodeableReference [0..1] « ActivityDefinition | PlanDefinition ; null (Strength=Example) ProcedureCodesSNOMEDCT ?? » « This element has or is affected by some invariants C » An amount of service being requested which can be a quantity ( for example $1,500 home modification), a ratio ( for example, 20 half day visits per month), or a range (2.0 to 1.8 Gy per fraction) quantity[x] : DataType [0..1] « Quantity | Ratio | Range » On whom or what the service is to be performed. This is usually a human patient, but can also be requested on animals, groups of humans or animals, devices such as dialysis machines, or even locations (typically for environmental scans) subject : Reference [1..1] « Patient | Group | Location | Device » The actual focus of a service request when it is not the subject of record representing something or someone associated with the subject such as a spouse, parent, fetus, or donor. The focus of a service request could also be an existing condition, an intervention, the subject's diet, another service request on the subject, or a body structure such as tumor or implanted device focus : Reference [0..*] « Any » An encounter that provides additional information about the healthcare context in which this request is made encounter : Reference [0..1] « Encounter » The date/time at which the requested service should occur occurrence[x] : DataType [0..1] « dateTime | Period | Timing » If a CodeableConcept is present, it indicates the pre-condition for performing Indicates that the service. For example "pain", "on flare-up", etc service (e.g., procedure, lab test) should be performed when needed (Boolean option) asNeeded[x] asNeeded : DataType boolean [0..1] « boolean Indicates specific criteria that need to be met to perform the service (e.g., lab results or symptoms) asNeededFor | : CodeableConcept ; [0..*] « null (Strength=Example) SNOMEDCTMedicationAsNeededRea... ?? » « This element has or is affected by some invariants C » When the request transitioned to being actionable authoredOn : dateTime [0..1] The individual who initiated the request and has responsibility for its activation requester : Reference [0..1] « Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Patient | RelatedPerson | Device | Group » Desired type of performer for doing the requested service performerType : CodeableConcept [0..1] « null (Strength=Example) ParticipantRoles ?? » The desired performer for doing the requested service. For example, the surgeon, dermatopathologist, endoscopist, etc performer : Reference [0..*] « Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam | HealthcareService | Patient | Device | RelatedPerson | Group » The preferred location(s) where the procedure should actually happen in coded or free text form. E.g. at home or nursing day care center location : CodeableReference [0..*] « Location ; null (Strength=Example) ServiceDeliveryLocationRoleTy... ?? » An explanation or justification for why this service is being requested in coded The reason or textual form. This is often the indication for billing purposes. May relate to requesting the resources referred to in `supportingInfo` service (e.g., procedure, lab test) reason : CodeableReference [0..*] « Condition | Observation | DiagnosticReport | DocumentReference | DetectedIssue | Procedure ; Diagnosis or problem codes justifying the reason for requesting the service investigation. (Strength=Example) ProcedureReasonCodes ?? » Insurance plans, coverage extensions, pre-authorizations and/or pre-determinations that may be needed for delivering the requested service insurance : Reference [0..*] « Coverage | ClaimResponse » Additional clinical information about the patient or specimen that may influence the services or their interpretations. This information includes diagnosis, clinical findings and other observations. In laboratory ordering these are typically referred to as "ask 'ask at order entry questions (AOEs)". (AOEs).' This includes observations explicitly requested by the producer (filler) to provide context or supporting information needed to complete the order. For example, reporting the amount of inspired oxygen for blood gas measurements supportingInfo : CodeableReference [0..*] « Any » One or more specimens that the laboratory procedure will use specimen : Reference [0..*] « Specimen » Anatomic location where the procedure should be performed. This is the target site bodySite : CodeableConcept [0..*] « Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality. (Strength=Example) SNOMEDCTBodyStructures ?? » « This element has or is affected by some invariants C » Anatomic location where the procedure should be performed. This is the target site bodyStructure : Reference [0..1] « BodyStructure » « This element has or is affected by some invariants C » Any other notes and comments made about the service request. For example, internal billing notes note : Annotation [0..*] Key events in the history of the request relevantHistory : Reference [0..*] « Provenance » OrderDetail Indicates the context of the order details by reference parameterFocus : CodeableReference [0..1] « Device | DeviceDefinition | DeviceRequest | SupplyRequest | Medication | MedicationRequest | BiologicallyDerivedProduct | Substance » Parameter A value representing the additional detail or instructions for the order (e.g., catheter insertion, body elevation, descriptive device configuration and/or setting instructions) code : CodeableConcept [1..1] « null (Strength=Example) ServiceRequestOrderDetailPara... ?? » Indicates a value for the order detail value[x] : DataType [1..1] « Quantity | Ratio | Range | boolean | CodeableConcept | string | Period » PatientInstruction Instructions in terms that are understood by the patient or consumer instruction[x] : DataType [0..1] « markdown | Reference ( DocumentReference ) » The parameter details for the service being requested parameter [1..*] Additional details and instructions about the how the services are to be delivered. For example, and an order for a urinary catheter may have an order detail for an external or indwelling catheter, or an order for a bandage may require additional instructions specifying how the bandage should be applied applied. Questions or additional information to be gathered from a patient may be included here orderDetail [0..*] Instructions in terms that are understood by the patient or consumer patientInstruction [0..*]

XML Template 

<

<ServiceRequest xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir"> doco

 <!-- from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language -->
 <!-- from DomainResource: text, contained, extension, and modifierExtension -->
 <identifier><!-- 0..* Identifier Identifiers assigned to this order --></identifier>
 <instantiatesCanonical><!-- 0..* canonical(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition) Instantiates FHIR protocol or definition --></instantiatesCanonical>
 <instantiatesUri value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..* Instantiates external protocol or definition -->
 <</basedOn>

 <basedOn><!-- 0..* Reference(CarePlan|MedicationRequest|NutritionOrder|
   RequestOrchestration|ServiceRequest) What request fulfills --></basedOn>
 <replaces><!-- 0..* Reference(ServiceRequest) What request replaces --></replaces>
 <requisition><!-- 0..1 Identifier Composite Request ID --></requisition>
 <

 <status value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 draft | active | on-hold | entered-in-error | ended | completed | revoked | unknown -->

 <intent value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 proposal | plan | directive | order + -->
 <category><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept Classification of service --></category>
 <priority value="[code]"/><!-- 0..1 routine | urgent | asap | stat -->
 <doNotPerform value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 True if service/procedure should not be performed -->
 <</code>
 <

 <code><!-- I 0..1 CodeableReference(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition) What is being requested/ordered --></code>
 <orderDetail>  <!-- I 0..* Additional information about the request -->

  <parameterFocus><!-- 0..1 CodeableReference(BiologicallyDerivedProduct|Device|
    DeviceDefinition|DeviceRequest|Medication|MedicationRequest|Substance|
    SupplyRequest) The context of the order details by reference --></parameterFocus>
  <parameter>  <!-- 1..* The parameter details for the service being requested -->
   <code><!-- 1..1 CodeableConcept The detail of the order being requested --></code>
   <value[x]><!-- 1..1 Quantity|Ratio|Range|boolean|CodeableConcept|string|
     Period The value for the order detail --></value[x]>
  </parameter>
 </orderDetail>
 <</quantity[x]>

 <quantity[x]><!-- 0..1 Quantity|Ratio|Range Service amount --></quantity[x]>

 <subject><!-- 1..1 Reference(Device|Group|Location|Patient) Individual or Entity the service is ordered for --></subject>
 <focus><!-- 0..* Reference(Any) What the service request is about, when it is not about the subject of record --></focus>
 <encounter><!-- 0..1 Reference(Encounter) Encounter in which the request was created --></encounter>
 <occurrence[x]><!-- 0..1 dateTime|Period|Timing When service should occur --></occurrence[x]>
 <</asNeeded[x]>

 <asNeeded value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 Perform the service "as needed" -->
 <asNeededFor><!-- I 0..* CodeableConcept Specified criteria for the service --></asNeededFor>

 <authoredOn value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 Date request signed -->
 <|

 <requester><!-- 0..1 Reference(Device|Group|Organization|Patient|Practitioner|

   PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) Who/what is requesting service --></requester>
 <performerType><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Performer role --></performerType>
 <|
   </performer>
 <</location>
 <|
   </reason>

 <performer><!-- 0..* Reference(CareTeam|Device|Group|HealthcareService|
   Organization|Patient|Practitioner|PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) Requested performer --></performer>

 <location><!-- 0..* CodeableReference(Location) Requested location icon --></location>
 <reason><!-- 0..* CodeableReference(Condition|DetectedIssue|DiagnosticReport|
   DocumentReference|Observation|Procedure) Reason or indication for requesting the service --></reason>
 <insurance><!-- 0..* Reference(ClaimResponse|Coverage) Associated insurance coverage --></insurance>
 <</supportingInfo>

 <supportingInfo><!-- 0..* CodeableReference(Any) Additional clinical information --></supportingInfo>

 <specimen><!-- 0..* Reference(Specimen) Procedure Samples --></specimen>
 <bodySite><!-- I 0..* CodeableConcept Coded location on Body --></bodySite>
 <bodyStructure><!-- I 0..1 Reference(BodyStructure) BodyStructure-based location on the body --></bodyStructure>
 <note><!-- 0..* Annotation Comments --></note>
 <patientInstruction>  <!-- 0..* Patient or consumer-oriented instructions -->
  <instruction[x]><!-- 0..1 markdown|Reference(DocumentReference) Patient or consumer-oriented instructions --></instruction[x]>
 </patientInstruction>
 <relevantHistory><!-- 0..* Reference(Provenance) Request provenance --></relevantHistory>
</ServiceRequest>

JSON Template 

{doco
  "resourceType" : "",

  "resourceType" : "ServiceRequest",

  // from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language
  // from DomainResource: text, contained, extension, and modifierExtension
  "identifier" : [{ Identifier }], // Identifiers assigned to this order
  "instantiatesCanonical" : ["<canonical(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition)>"], // Instantiates FHIR protocol or definition
  "instantiatesUri" : ["<uri>"], // Instantiates external protocol or definition
  "

  "basedOn" : [{ Reference(CarePlan|MedicationRequest|NutritionOrder|
   RequestOrchestration|ServiceRequest) }], // What request fulfills
  "replaces" : [{ Reference(ServiceRequest) }], // What request replaces
  "requisition" : { Identifier }, // Composite Request ID
  "

  "status" : "<code>", // R!  draft | active | on-hold | entered-in-error | ended | completed | revoked | unknown

  "intent" : "<code>", // R!  proposal | plan | directive | order +
  "category" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // Classification of service
  "priority" : "<code>", // routine | urgent | asap | stat
  "doNotPerform" : <boolean>, // True if service/procedure should not be performed
  "
  "

  "code" : { CodeableReference(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition) }, // I What is being requested/ordered
  "orderDetail" : [{ // I Additional information about the request

    "parameterFocus" : { CodeableReference(BiologicallyDerivedProduct|Device|
    DeviceDefinition|DeviceRequest|Medication|MedicationRequest|Substance|
    SupplyRequest) }, // The context of the order details by reference
    "parameter" : [{ // R!  The parameter details for the service being requested
      "code" : { CodeableConcept }, // R!  The detail of the order being requested
      // value[x]: The value for the order detail. One of these 7:
      "valueQuantity" : { Quantity },
      "valueRatio" : { Ratio },
      "valueRange" : { Range },
      "valueBoolean" : <boolean>,
      "valueCodeableConcept" : { CodeableConcept },
      "valueString" : "<string>",
      "valuePeriod" : { Period }
    }]
  }],
  // quantity[x]: Service amount. One of these 3:
  " },
  " },
  " },

  "quantityQuantity" : { Quantity },
  "quantityRatio" : { Ratio },
  "quantityRange" : { Range },

  "subject" : { Reference(Device|Group|Location|Patient) }, // R!  Individual or Entity the service is ordered for
  "focus" : [{ Reference(Any) }], // What the service request is about, when it is not about the subject of record
  "encounter" : { Reference(Encounter) }, // Encounter in which the request was created
  // occurrence[x]: When service should occur. One of these 3:
  "occurrenceDateTime" : "<dateTime>",
  "occurrencePeriod" : { Period },
  "occurrenceTiming" : { Timing },
  
  ">,
  " },

  "asNeeded" : <boolean>, // Perform the service "as needed"
  "asNeededFor" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // I Specified criteria for the service

  "authoredOn" : "<dateTime>", // Date request signed
  "|

  "requester" : { Reference(Device|Group|Organization|Patient|Practitioner|

   PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) }, // Who/what is requesting service
  "performerType" : { CodeableConcept }, // Performer role
  "|
   
  "
  "|
   

  "performer" : [{ Reference(CareTeam|Device|Group|HealthcareService|
   Organization|Patient|Practitioner|PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) }], // Requested performer

  "location" : [{ CodeableReference(Location) }], // Requested location icon
  "reason" : [{ CodeableReference(Condition|DetectedIssue|DiagnosticReport|
   DocumentReference|Observation|Procedure) }], // Reason or indication for requesting the service
  "insurance" : [{ Reference(ClaimResponse|Coverage) }], // Associated insurance coverage
  "

  "supportingInfo" : [{ CodeableReference(Any) }], // Additional clinical information

  "specimen" : [{ Reference(Specimen) }], // Procedure Samples
  "bodySite" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // I Coded location on Body
  "bodyStructure" : { Reference(BodyStructure) }, // I BodyStructure-based location on the body
  "note" : [{ Annotation }], // Comments
  "patientInstruction" : [{ // Patient or consumer-oriented instructions
    // instruction[x]: Patient or consumer-oriented instructions. One of these 2:
    "instructionMarkdown" : "<markdown>",
    "instructionReference" : { Reference(DocumentReference) }
  }],
  "relevantHistory" : [{ Reference(Provenance) }] // Request provenance
}

Turtle Template 

@prefix fhir: <http://hl7.org/fhir/> .doco


[ a fhir:;

[ a fhir:ServiceRequest;

  fhir:nodeRole fhir:treeRoot; # if this is the parser root

  # from Resource: .id, .meta, .implicitRules, and .language
  # from DomainResource: .text, .contained, .extension, and .modifierExtension
  fhir:identifier  ( [ Identifier ] ... ) ; # 0..* Identifiers assigned to this order
  fhir:instantiatesCanonical  ( [ canonical(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Instantiates FHIR protocol or definition
  fhir:instantiatesUri  ( [ uri ] ... ) ; # 0..* Instantiates external protocol or definition
  fhir:

  fhir:basedOn  ( [ Reference(CarePlan|MedicationRequest|NutritionOrder|RequestOrchestration|ServiceRequest) ] ... ) ; # 0..* What request fulfills

  fhir:replaces  ( [ Reference(ServiceRequest) ] ... ) ; # 0..* What request replaces
  fhir:requisition [ Identifier ] ; # 0..1 Composite Request ID
  fhir:

  fhir:status [ code ] ; # 1..1 draft | active | on-hold | entered-in-error | ended | completed | revoked | unknown

  fhir:intent [ code ] ; # 1..1 proposal | plan | directive | order +
  fhir:category  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* Classification of service
  fhir:priority [ code ] ; # 0..1 routine | urgent | asap | stat
  fhir:doNotPerform [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 True if service/procedure should not be performed
  fhir:
  fhir:

  fhir:code [ CodeableReference(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition) ] ; # 0..1 I What is being requested/ordered
  fhir:orderDetail ( [ # 0..* I Additional information about the request

    fhir:parameterFocus [ CodeableReference(BiologicallyDerivedProduct|Device|DeviceDefinition|DeviceRequest|Medication|
  MedicationRequest|Substance|SupplyRequest) ] ; # 0..1 The context of the order details by reference
    fhir:parameter ( [ # 1..* The parameter details for the service being requested
      fhir:code [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 1..1 The detail of the order being requested
      # value[x] : 1..1 The value for the order detail. One of these 7
        fhir:value [  a fhir:Quantity ; Quantity ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:Ratio ; Ratio ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:Range ; Range ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:boolean ; boolean ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:CodeableConcept ; CodeableConcept ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:string ; string ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:Period ; Period ]
    ] ... ) ;
  ] ... ) ;
  # . One of these 3
    fhir: ]
    fhir: ]
    fhir: ]

  # quantity[x] : 0..1 Service amount. One of these 3
    fhir:quantity [  a fhir:Quantity ; Quantity ]
    fhir:quantity [  a fhir:Ratio ; Ratio ]
    fhir:quantity [  a fhir:Range ; Range ]

  fhir:subject [ Reference(Device|Group|Location|Patient) ] ; # 1..1 Individual or Entity the service is ordered for
  fhir:focus  ( [ Reference(Any) ] ... ) ; # 0..* What the service request is about, when it is not about the subject of record
  fhir:encounter [ Reference(Encounter) ] ; # 0..1 Encounter in which the request was created
  # occurrence[x] : 0..1 When service should occur. One of these 3
    fhir:occurrence [  a fhir:dateTime ; dateTime ]
    fhir:occurrence [  a fhir:Period ; Period ]
    fhir:occurrence [  a fhir:Timing ; Timing ]
  # . One of these 2
    fhir: ]
    fhir: ]

  fhir:asNeeded [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 Perform the service "as needed"
  fhir:asNeededFor  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* I Specified criteria for the service

  fhir:authoredOn [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 Date request signed
  fhir:

  fhir:requester [ Reference(Device|Group|Organization|Patient|Practitioner|PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) ] ; # 0..1 Who/what is requesting service

  fhir:performerType [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Performer role
  fhir:|

  fhir:performer  ( [ Reference(CareTeam|Device|Group|HealthcareService|Organization|Patient|Practitioner|

  PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Requested performer
  fhir:location  ( [ CodeableReference(Location) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Requested location
  fhir:

  fhir:reason  ( [ CodeableReference(Condition|DetectedIssue|DiagnosticReport|DocumentReference|Observation|Procedure) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Reason or indication for requesting the service

  fhir:insurance  ( [ Reference(ClaimResponse|Coverage) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Associated insurance coverage
  fhir:

  fhir:supportingInfo  ( [ CodeableReference(Any) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Additional clinical information

  fhir:specimen  ( [ Reference(Specimen) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Procedure Samples
  fhir:bodySite  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* I Coded location on Body
  fhir:bodyStructure [ Reference(BodyStructure) ] ; # 0..1 I BodyStructure-based location on the body
  fhir:note  ( [ Annotation ] ... ) ; # 0..* Comments
  fhir:patientInstruction ( [ # 0..* Patient or consumer-oriented instructions
    # instruction[x] : 0..1 Patient or consumer-oriented instructions. One of these 2
      fhir:instruction [  a fhir:markdown ; markdown ]
      fhir:instruction [  a fhir:Reference ; Reference(DocumentReference) ]
  ] ... ) ;
  fhir:relevantHistory  ( [ Reference(Provenance) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Request provenance
]

Changes from both R4 and R4B

ServiceRequest
ServiceRequest.basedOn
  • Type Reference: Added Target Types RequestOrchestration, NutritionOrder
ServiceRequest.status
  • Add code ended
ServiceRequest.code
  • Type changed from CodeableConcept to CodeableReference
ServiceRequest.orderDetail
  • Type changed from CodeableConcept to BackboneElement
ServiceRequest.orderDetail.parameterFocus
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.orderDetail.parameter
  • Added Mandatory Element
ServiceRequest.orderDetail.parameter.code
  • Added Mandatory Element
ServiceRequest.orderDetail.parameter.value[x]
  • Added Mandatory Element
ServiceRequest.focus
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.asNeeded
  • Renamed from asNeeded[x] to asNeeded
  • Remove Type CodeableConcept
ServiceRequest.asNeededFor
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.requester
  • Type Reference: Added Target Type Group
ServiceRequest.performer
  • Type Reference: Added Target Type Group
ServiceRequest.location
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.reason
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.supportingInfo
  • Type changed from Reference(Resource) to CodeableReference
ServiceRequest.bodyStructure
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.patientInstruction
  • Max Cardinality changed from 1 to *
  • Type changed from string to BackboneElement
ServiceRequest.patientInstruction.instruction[x]
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.locationCode
  • Deleted
ServiceRequest.locationReference
  • Deleted
ServiceRequest.reasonCode
  • Deleted (-> reason)
ServiceRequest.reasonReference
  • Deleted (-> reason)

See the Full Difference for further information

This analysis is available for R4 as XML or JSON and for R4B as XML or JSON .

Structure

Explanation/Justification for procedure
Name Flags Card. Type Description & Constraints doco
. . ServiceRequest TU DomainResource A request for a service to be performed
+ Rule: bodyStructure SHALL only be present if bodySite is not present
+ Rule: orderDetail SHALL only be present if code is present
+ Rule: asNeededFor SHALL only be present if asNeeded is empty or true

Elements defined in Ancestors: id , meta , implicitRules , language , text , contained , extension , modifierExtension
. . . identifier Σ 0..* Identifier Identifiers assigned to this order

. . . instantiatesCanonical Σ 0..* canonical ( ActivityDefinition | PlanDefinition ) Instantiates FHIR protocol or definition

. . . instantiatesUri Σ 0..* uri Instantiates external protocol or definition

. . . basedOn Σ 0..* Reference ( CarePlan | ServiceRequest | MedicationRequest | RequestOrchestration | NutritionOrder ) What request fulfills

. . . replaces Σ 0..* Reference ( ServiceRequest ) What request replaces

. . . requisition Σ 0..1 Identifier Composite Request ID
. . . status ?! Σ 1..1 code draft | active | on-hold | revoked entered-in-error | ended | completed | entered-in-error revoked | unknown
Binding: RequestStatus ( Required )
. . . intent ?! Σ 1..1 code proposal | plan | directive | order +
Binding: RequestIntent ( Required )
. . . category Σ 0..* CodeableConcept Classification of service
Binding: Service Request Category Codes ( Example )

. . . priority Σ 0..1 code routine | urgent | asap | stat
Binding: RequestPriority ( Required )
. . . doNotPerform ?! Σ 0..1 boolean True if service/procedure should not be performed
. . . code Σ C 0..1 CodeableReference ( ActivityDefinition | PlanDefinition ) What is being requested/ordered
Binding: Procedure Codes (SNOMED CT) ( Example )
. . . orderDetail Σ C 0..* BackboneElement Additional order information about the request

. . . . parameterFocus 0..1 CodeableReference ( Device | DeviceDefinition | DeviceRequest | SupplyRequest | Medication | MedicationRequest | BiologicallyDerivedProduct | Substance ) The context of the order details by reference
. . . . parameter Σ 1..* BackboneElement The parameter details for the service being requested

. . . . . code Σ 1..1 CodeableConcept The detail of the order being requested
Binding: Servicerequest OrderDetail Parameter Code ( Example )
. . . . . value[x] Σ 1..1 The value for the order detail
. . . . . . valueQuantity Quantity
. . . . . . valueRatio Ratio
. . . . . . valueRange Range
. . . . . . valueBoolean boolean
. . . . . . valueCodeableConcept CodeableConcept
. . . . . . valueString string
. . . . . . valuePeriod Period
. . . quantity[x] Σ 0..1 Service amount
. . . . quantityQuantity Quantity
. . . . quantityRatio Ratio
. . . . quantityRange Range
. . . subject Σ 1..1 Reference ( Patient | Group | Location | Device ) Individual or Entity the service is ordered for
. . . focus Σ 0..* Reference ( Any ) What the service request is about, when it is not about the subject of record

. . . encounter Σ 0..1 Reference ( Encounter ) Encounter in which the request was created
. . . occurrence[x] Σ 0..1 When service should occur
. . . . occurrenceDateTime dateTime
. . . . occurrencePeriod Period
. . . . occurrenceTiming Timing
. . asNeeded[x] . asNeeded Σ 0..1 boolean Preconditions for Perform the service Binding: SNOMED CT Medication As Needed Reason Codes ( Example ) "as needed"
. . asNeededBoolean . asNeededFor boolean Σ asNeededCodeableConcept C 0..* CodeableConcept Specified criteria for the service
Binding: SNOMED CT Medication As Needed Reason Codes ( Example )

. . . authoredOn Σ 0..1 dateTime Date request signed
. . . requester Σ 0..1 Reference ( Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Patient | RelatedPerson | Device | Group ) Who/what is requesting service
. . . performerType Σ 0..1 CodeableConcept Performer role
Binding: Participant Roles ( Example )
. . . performer Σ 0..* Reference ( Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam | HealthcareService | Patient | Device | RelatedPerson | Group ) Requested performer

. . . location Σ 0..* CodeableReference ( Location ) Requested location
Binding: ServiceDeliveryLocationRoleType icon ( Example )

. . . reason Σ 0..* CodeableReference ( Condition | Observation | DiagnosticReport | DocumentReference | DetectedIssue | Procedure ) Reason or indication for requesting the service
Binding: Procedure Reason Codes ( Example )

. . . insurance 0..* Reference ( Coverage | ClaimResponse ) Associated insurance coverage

. . . supportingInfo 0..* CodeableReference ( Any ) Additional clinical information

. . . specimen Σ XD 0..* Reference ( Specimen ) Procedure Samples

. . . bodySite Σ C 0..* CodeableConcept Coded location on Body
Binding: SNOMED CT Body Structures ( Example )

. . . bodyStructure Σ C 0..1 Reference ( BodyStructure ) BodyStructure-based location on the body
. . . note 0..* Annotation Comments

. . . patientInstruction 0..* BackboneElement Patient or consumer-oriented instructions

. . . . instruction[x] Σ 0..1 Patient or consumer-oriented instructions
. . . . . instructionMarkdown markdown
. . . . . instructionReference Reference ( DocumentReference )
. . . relevantHistory 0..* Reference ( Provenance ) Request provenance


doco Documentation for this format icon

See the Extensions for this resource

UML Diagram ( Legend )

ServiceRequest ( DomainResource ) Identifiers assigned to this order instance by the orderer and/or the receiver and/or order fulfiller identifier : Identifier [0..*] The URL pointing to a FHIR-defined protocol, guideline, orderset or other definition that is adhered to in whole or in part by this ServiceRequest instantiatesCanonical : canonical [0..*] « ActivityDefinition | PlanDefinition » The URL pointing to an externally maintained protocol, guideline, orderset or other definition that is adhered to in whole or in part by this ServiceRequest instantiatesUri : uri [0..*] Plan/proposal/order fulfilled by this request basedOn : Reference [0..*] « CarePlan | ServiceRequest | MedicationRequest | RequestOrchestration | NutritionOrder » The request takes the place of the referenced completed or terminated request(s) replaces : Reference [0..*] « ServiceRequest » A shared identifier common to all service requests that were authorized more or less simultaneously by a single author, representing the composite or group identifier requisition : Identifier [0..1] The status of the order (this element modifies the meaning of other elements) status : code [1..1] « null (Strength=Required) RequestStatus ! » Whether the request is a proposal, plan, an original order or a reflex order (this element modifies the meaning of other elements) intent : code [1..1] « null (Strength=Required) RequestIntent ! » A code that classifies the service for searching, sorting and display purposes (e.g. "Surgical Procedure") category : CodeableConcept [0..*] « null (Strength=Example) ServiceRequestCategoryCodes ?? » Indicates how quickly the ServiceRequest should be addressed with respect to other requests priority : code [0..1] « null (Strength=Required) RequestPriority ! » Set this to true if the record is saying that the service/procedure should NOT be performed (this element modifies the meaning of other elements) doNotPerform : boolean [0..1] A code or reference that identifies a particular service (i.e., procedure, diagnostic investigation, or panel of investigations) that have has been requested code : CodeableReference [0..1] « ActivityDefinition | PlanDefinition ; null (Strength=Example) ProcedureCodesSNOMEDCT ?? » « This element has or is affected by some invariants C » An amount of service being requested which can be a quantity ( for example $1,500 home modification), a ratio ( for example, 20 half day visits per month), or a range (2.0 to 1.8 Gy per fraction) quantity[x] : DataType [0..1] « Quantity | Ratio | Range » On whom or what the service is to be performed. This is usually a human patient, but can also be requested on animals, groups of humans or animals, devices such as dialysis machines, or even locations (typically for environmental scans) subject : Reference [1..1] « Patient | Group | Location | Device » The actual focus of a service request when it is not the subject of record representing something or someone associated with the subject such as a spouse, parent, fetus, or donor. The focus of a service request could also be an existing condition, an intervention, the subject's diet, another service request on the subject, or a body structure such as tumor or implanted device focus : Reference [0..*] « Any » An encounter that provides additional information about the healthcare context in which this request is made encounter : Reference [0..1] « Encounter » The date/time at which the requested service should occur occurrence[x] : DataType [0..1] « dateTime | Period | Timing » If a CodeableConcept is present, it indicates the pre-condition for performing Indicates that the service. For example "pain", "on flare-up", etc service (e.g., procedure, lab test) should be performed when needed (Boolean option) asNeeded[x] asNeeded : DataType boolean [0..1] « boolean Indicates specific criteria that need to be met to perform the service (e.g., lab results or symptoms) asNeededFor | : CodeableConcept ; [0..*] « null (Strength=Example) SNOMEDCTMedicationAsNeededRea... ?? » « This element has or is affected by some invariants C » When the request transitioned to being actionable authoredOn : dateTime [0..1] The individual who initiated the request and has responsibility for its activation requester : Reference [0..1] « Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Patient | RelatedPerson | Device | Group » Desired type of performer for doing the requested service performerType : CodeableConcept [0..1] « null (Strength=Example) ParticipantRoles ?? » The desired performer for doing the requested service. For example, the surgeon, dermatopathologist, endoscopist, etc performer : Reference [0..*] « Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | CareTeam | HealthcareService | Patient | Device | RelatedPerson | Group » The preferred location(s) where the procedure should actually happen in coded or free text form. E.g. at home or nursing day care center location : CodeableReference [0..*] « Location ; null (Strength=Example) ServiceDeliveryLocationRoleTy... ?? » An explanation or justification for why this service is being requested in coded The reason or textual form. This is often the indication for billing purposes. May relate to requesting the resources referred to in `supportingInfo` service (e.g., procedure, lab test) reason : CodeableReference [0..*] « Condition | Observation | DiagnosticReport | DocumentReference | DetectedIssue | Procedure ; Diagnosis or problem codes justifying the reason for requesting the service investigation. (Strength=Example) ProcedureReasonCodes ?? » Insurance plans, coverage extensions, pre-authorizations and/or pre-determinations that may be needed for delivering the requested service insurance : Reference [0..*] « Coverage | ClaimResponse » Additional clinical information about the patient or specimen that may influence the services or their interpretations. This information includes diagnosis, clinical findings and other observations. In laboratory ordering these are typically referred to as "ask 'ask at order entry questions (AOEs)". (AOEs).' This includes observations explicitly requested by the producer (filler) to provide context or supporting information needed to complete the order. For example, reporting the amount of inspired oxygen for blood gas measurements supportingInfo : CodeableReference [0..*] « Any » One or more specimens that the laboratory procedure will use specimen : Reference [0..*] « Specimen » Anatomic location where the procedure should be performed. This is the target site bodySite : CodeableConcept [0..*] « Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality. (Strength=Example) SNOMEDCTBodyStructures ?? » « This element has or is affected by some invariants C » Anatomic location where the procedure should be performed. This is the target site bodyStructure : Reference [0..1] « BodyStructure » « This element has or is affected by some invariants C » Any other notes and comments made about the service request. For example, internal billing notes note : Annotation [0..*] Key events in the history of the request relevantHistory : Reference [0..*] « Provenance » OrderDetail Indicates the context of the order details by reference parameterFocus : CodeableReference [0..1] « Device | DeviceDefinition | DeviceRequest | SupplyRequest | Medication | MedicationRequest | BiologicallyDerivedProduct | Substance » Parameter A value representing the additional detail or instructions for the order (e.g., catheter insertion, body elevation, descriptive device configuration and/or setting instructions) code : CodeableConcept [1..1] « null (Strength=Example) ServiceRequestOrderDetailPara... ?? » Indicates a value for the order detail value[x] : DataType [1..1] « Quantity | Ratio | Range | boolean | CodeableConcept | string | Period » PatientInstruction Instructions in terms that are understood by the patient or consumer instruction[x] : DataType [0..1] « markdown | Reference ( DocumentReference ) » The parameter details for the service being requested parameter [1..*] Additional details and instructions about the how the services are to be delivered. For example, and an order for a urinary catheter may have an order detail for an external or indwelling catheter, or an order for a bandage may require additional instructions specifying how the bandage should be applied applied. Questions or additional information to be gathered from a patient may be included here orderDetail [0..*] Instructions in terms that are understood by the patient or consumer patientInstruction [0..*]

XML Template 

<

<ServiceRequest xmlns="http://hl7.org/fhir"> doco

 <!-- from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language -->
 <!-- from DomainResource: text, contained, extension, and modifierExtension -->
 <identifier><!-- 0..* Identifier Identifiers assigned to this order --></identifier>
 <instantiatesCanonical><!-- 0..* canonical(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition) Instantiates FHIR protocol or definition --></instantiatesCanonical>
 <instantiatesUri value="[uri]"/><!-- 0..* Instantiates external protocol or definition -->
 <</basedOn>

 <basedOn><!-- 0..* Reference(CarePlan|MedicationRequest|NutritionOrder|
   RequestOrchestration|ServiceRequest) What request fulfills --></basedOn>
 <replaces><!-- 0..* Reference(ServiceRequest) What request replaces --></replaces>
 <requisition><!-- 0..1 Identifier Composite Request ID --></requisition>
 <

 <status value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 draft | active | on-hold | entered-in-error | ended | completed | revoked | unknown -->

 <intent value="[code]"/><!-- 1..1 proposal | plan | directive | order + -->
 <category><!-- 0..* CodeableConcept Classification of service --></category>
 <priority value="[code]"/><!-- 0..1 routine | urgent | asap | stat -->
 <doNotPerform value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 True if service/procedure should not be performed -->
 <</code>
 <

 <code><!-- I 0..1 CodeableReference(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition) What is being requested/ordered --></code>
 <orderDetail>  <!-- I 0..* Additional information about the request -->

  <parameterFocus><!-- 0..1 CodeableReference(BiologicallyDerivedProduct|Device|
    DeviceDefinition|DeviceRequest|Medication|MedicationRequest|Substance|
    SupplyRequest) The context of the order details by reference --></parameterFocus>
  <parameter>  <!-- 1..* The parameter details for the service being requested -->
   <code><!-- 1..1 CodeableConcept The detail of the order being requested --></code>
   <value[x]><!-- 1..1 Quantity|Ratio|Range|boolean|CodeableConcept|string|
     Period The value for the order detail --></value[x]>
  </parameter>
 </orderDetail>
 <</quantity[x]>

 <quantity[x]><!-- 0..1 Quantity|Ratio|Range Service amount --></quantity[x]>

 <subject><!-- 1..1 Reference(Device|Group|Location|Patient) Individual or Entity the service is ordered for --></subject>
 <focus><!-- 0..* Reference(Any) What the service request is about, when it is not about the subject of record --></focus>
 <encounter><!-- 0..1 Reference(Encounter) Encounter in which the request was created --></encounter>
 <occurrence[x]><!-- 0..1 dateTime|Period|Timing When service should occur --></occurrence[x]>
 <</asNeeded[x]>

 <asNeeded value="[boolean]"/><!-- 0..1 Perform the service "as needed" -->
 <asNeededFor><!-- I 0..* CodeableConcept Specified criteria for the service --></asNeededFor>

 <authoredOn value="[dateTime]"/><!-- 0..1 Date request signed -->
 <|

 <requester><!-- 0..1 Reference(Device|Group|Organization|Patient|Practitioner|

   PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) Who/what is requesting service --></requester>
 <performerType><!-- 0..1 CodeableConcept Performer role --></performerType>
 <|
   </performer>
 <</location>
 <|
   </reason>

 <performer><!-- 0..* Reference(CareTeam|Device|Group|HealthcareService|
   Organization|Patient|Practitioner|PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) Requested performer --></performer>

 <location><!-- 0..* CodeableReference(Location) Requested location icon --></location>
 <reason><!-- 0..* CodeableReference(Condition|DetectedIssue|DiagnosticReport|
   DocumentReference|Observation|Procedure) Reason or indication for requesting the service --></reason>
 <insurance><!-- 0..* Reference(ClaimResponse|Coverage) Associated insurance coverage --></insurance>
 <</supportingInfo>

 <supportingInfo><!-- 0..* CodeableReference(Any) Additional clinical information --></supportingInfo>

 <specimen><!-- 0..* Reference(Specimen) Procedure Samples --></specimen>
 <bodySite><!-- I 0..* CodeableConcept Coded location on Body --></bodySite>
 <bodyStructure><!-- I 0..1 Reference(BodyStructure) BodyStructure-based location on the body --></bodyStructure>
 <note><!-- 0..* Annotation Comments --></note>
 <patientInstruction>  <!-- 0..* Patient or consumer-oriented instructions -->
  <instruction[x]><!-- 0..1 markdown|Reference(DocumentReference) Patient or consumer-oriented instructions --></instruction[x]>
 </patientInstruction>
 <relevantHistory><!-- 0..* Reference(Provenance) Request provenance --></relevantHistory>
</ServiceRequest>

JSON Template 

{doco
  "resourceType" : "",

  "resourceType" : "ServiceRequest",

  // from Resource: id, meta, implicitRules, and language
  // from DomainResource: text, contained, extension, and modifierExtension
  "identifier" : [{ Identifier }], // Identifiers assigned to this order
  "instantiatesCanonical" : ["<canonical(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition)>"], // Instantiates FHIR protocol or definition
  "instantiatesUri" : ["<uri>"], // Instantiates external protocol or definition
  "

  "basedOn" : [{ Reference(CarePlan|MedicationRequest|NutritionOrder|
   RequestOrchestration|ServiceRequest) }], // What request fulfills
  "replaces" : [{ Reference(ServiceRequest) }], // What request replaces
  "requisition" : { Identifier }, // Composite Request ID
  "

  "status" : "<code>", // R!  draft | active | on-hold | entered-in-error | ended | completed | revoked | unknown

  "intent" : "<code>", // R!  proposal | plan | directive | order +
  "category" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // Classification of service
  "priority" : "<code>", // routine | urgent | asap | stat
  "doNotPerform" : <boolean>, // True if service/procedure should not be performed
  "
  "

  "code" : { CodeableReference(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition) }, // I What is being requested/ordered
  "orderDetail" : [{ // I Additional information about the request

    "parameterFocus" : { CodeableReference(BiologicallyDerivedProduct|Device|
    DeviceDefinition|DeviceRequest|Medication|MedicationRequest|Substance|
    SupplyRequest) }, // The context of the order details by reference
    "parameter" : [{ // R!  The parameter details for the service being requested
      "code" : { CodeableConcept }, // R!  The detail of the order being requested
      // value[x]: The value for the order detail. One of these 7:
      "valueQuantity" : { Quantity },
      "valueRatio" : { Ratio },
      "valueRange" : { Range },
      "valueBoolean" : <boolean>,
      "valueCodeableConcept" : { CodeableConcept },
      "valueString" : "<string>",
      "valuePeriod" : { Period }
    }]
  }],
  // quantity[x]: Service amount. One of these 3:
  " },
  " },
  " },

  "quantityQuantity" : { Quantity },
  "quantityRatio" : { Ratio },
  "quantityRange" : { Range },

  "subject" : { Reference(Device|Group|Location|Patient) }, // R!  Individual or Entity the service is ordered for
  "focus" : [{ Reference(Any) }], // What the service request is about, when it is not about the subject of record
  "encounter" : { Reference(Encounter) }, // Encounter in which the request was created
  // occurrence[x]: When service should occur. One of these 3:
  "occurrenceDateTime" : "<dateTime>",
  "occurrencePeriod" : { Period },
  "occurrenceTiming" : { Timing },
  
  ">,
  " },

  "asNeeded" : <boolean>, // Perform the service "as needed"
  "asNeededFor" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // I Specified criteria for the service

  "authoredOn" : "<dateTime>", // Date request signed
  "|

  "requester" : { Reference(Device|Group|Organization|Patient|Practitioner|

   PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) }, // Who/what is requesting service
  "performerType" : { CodeableConcept }, // Performer role
  "|
   
  "
  "|
   

  "performer" : [{ Reference(CareTeam|Device|Group|HealthcareService|
   Organization|Patient|Practitioner|PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) }], // Requested performer

  "location" : [{ CodeableReference(Location) }], // Requested location icon
  "reason" : [{ CodeableReference(Condition|DetectedIssue|DiagnosticReport|
   DocumentReference|Observation|Procedure) }], // Reason or indication for requesting the service
  "insurance" : [{ Reference(ClaimResponse|Coverage) }], // Associated insurance coverage
  "

  "supportingInfo" : [{ CodeableReference(Any) }], // Additional clinical information

  "specimen" : [{ Reference(Specimen) }], // Procedure Samples
  "bodySite" : [{ CodeableConcept }], // I Coded location on Body
  "bodyStructure" : { Reference(BodyStructure) }, // I BodyStructure-based location on the body
  "note" : [{ Annotation }], // Comments
  "patientInstruction" : [{ // Patient or consumer-oriented instructions
    // instruction[x]: Patient or consumer-oriented instructions. One of these 2:
    "instructionMarkdown" : "<markdown>",
    "instructionReference" : { Reference(DocumentReference) }
  }],
  "relevantHistory" : [{ Reference(Provenance) }] // Request provenance
}

Turtle Template 

@prefix fhir: <http://hl7.org/fhir/> .doco


[ a fhir:;

[ a fhir:ServiceRequest;

  fhir:nodeRole fhir:treeRoot; # if this is the parser root

  # from Resource: .id, .meta, .implicitRules, and .language
  # from DomainResource: .text, .contained, .extension, and .modifierExtension
  fhir:identifier  ( [ Identifier ] ... ) ; # 0..* Identifiers assigned to this order
  fhir:instantiatesCanonical  ( [ canonical(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Instantiates FHIR protocol or definition
  fhir:instantiatesUri  ( [ uri ] ... ) ; # 0..* Instantiates external protocol or definition
  fhir:

  fhir:basedOn  ( [ Reference(CarePlan|MedicationRequest|NutritionOrder|RequestOrchestration|ServiceRequest) ] ... ) ; # 0..* What request fulfills

  fhir:replaces  ( [ Reference(ServiceRequest) ] ... ) ; # 0..* What request replaces
  fhir:requisition [ Identifier ] ; # 0..1 Composite Request ID
  fhir:

  fhir:status [ code ] ; # 1..1 draft | active | on-hold | entered-in-error | ended | completed | revoked | unknown

  fhir:intent [ code ] ; # 1..1 proposal | plan | directive | order +
  fhir:category  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* Classification of service
  fhir:priority [ code ] ; # 0..1 routine | urgent | asap | stat
  fhir:doNotPerform [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 True if service/procedure should not be performed
  fhir:
  fhir:

  fhir:code [ CodeableReference(ActivityDefinition|PlanDefinition) ] ; # 0..1 I What is being requested/ordered
  fhir:orderDetail ( [ # 0..* I Additional information about the request

    fhir:parameterFocus [ CodeableReference(BiologicallyDerivedProduct|Device|DeviceDefinition|DeviceRequest|Medication|
  MedicationRequest|Substance|SupplyRequest) ] ; # 0..1 The context of the order details by reference
    fhir:parameter ( [ # 1..* The parameter details for the service being requested
      fhir:code [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 1..1 The detail of the order being requested
      # value[x] : 1..1 The value for the order detail. One of these 7
        fhir:value [  a fhir:Quantity ; Quantity ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:Ratio ; Ratio ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:Range ; Range ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:boolean ; boolean ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:CodeableConcept ; CodeableConcept ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:string ; string ]
        fhir:value [  a fhir:Period ; Period ]
    ] ... ) ;
  ] ... ) ;
  # . One of these 3
    fhir: ]
    fhir: ]
    fhir: ]

  # quantity[x] : 0..1 Service amount. One of these 3
    fhir:quantity [  a fhir:Quantity ; Quantity ]
    fhir:quantity [  a fhir:Ratio ; Ratio ]
    fhir:quantity [  a fhir:Range ; Range ]

  fhir:subject [ Reference(Device|Group|Location|Patient) ] ; # 1..1 Individual or Entity the service is ordered for
  fhir:focus  ( [ Reference(Any) ] ... ) ; # 0..* What the service request is about, when it is not about the subject of record
  fhir:encounter [ Reference(Encounter) ] ; # 0..1 Encounter in which the request was created
  # occurrence[x] : 0..1 When service should occur. One of these 3
    fhir:occurrence [  a fhir:dateTime ; dateTime ]
    fhir:occurrence [  a fhir:Period ; Period ]
    fhir:occurrence [  a fhir:Timing ; Timing ]
  # . One of these 2
    fhir: ]
    fhir: ]

  fhir:asNeeded [ boolean ] ; # 0..1 Perform the service "as needed"
  fhir:asNeededFor  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* I Specified criteria for the service

  fhir:authoredOn [ dateTime ] ; # 0..1 Date request signed
  fhir:

  fhir:requester [ Reference(Device|Group|Organization|Patient|Practitioner|PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) ] ; # 0..1 Who/what is requesting service

  fhir:performerType [ CodeableConcept ] ; # 0..1 Performer role
  fhir:|

  fhir:performer  ( [ Reference(CareTeam|Device|Group|HealthcareService|Organization|Patient|Practitioner|

  PractitionerRole|RelatedPerson) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Requested performer
  fhir:location  ( [ CodeableReference(Location) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Requested location
  fhir:

  fhir:reason  ( [ CodeableReference(Condition|DetectedIssue|DiagnosticReport|DocumentReference|Observation|Procedure) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Reason or indication for requesting the service

  fhir:insurance  ( [ Reference(ClaimResponse|Coverage) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Associated insurance coverage
  fhir:

  fhir:supportingInfo  ( [ CodeableReference(Any) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Additional clinical information

  fhir:specimen  ( [ Reference(Specimen) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Procedure Samples
  fhir:bodySite  ( [ CodeableConcept ] ... ) ; # 0..* I Coded location on Body
  fhir:bodyStructure [ Reference(BodyStructure) ] ; # 0..1 I BodyStructure-based location on the body
  fhir:note  ( [ Annotation ] ... ) ; # 0..* Comments
  fhir:patientInstruction ( [ # 0..* Patient or consumer-oriented instructions
    # instruction[x] : 0..1 Patient or consumer-oriented instructions. One of these 2
      fhir:instruction [  a fhir:markdown ; markdown ]
      fhir:instruction [  a fhir:Reference ; Reference(DocumentReference) ]
  ] ... ) ;
  fhir:relevantHistory  ( [ Reference(Provenance) ] ... ) ; # 0..* Request provenance
]

Changes from both R4 and R4B

ServiceRequest
ServiceRequest.basedOn
  • Type Reference: Added Target Types RequestOrchestration, NutritionOrder
ServiceRequest.code ServiceRequest.status
  • Add code ended
ServiceRequest.code
  • Type changed from CodeableConcept to CodeableReference
ServiceRequest.orderDetail
  • Type changed from CodeableConcept to BackboneElement
ServiceRequest.orderDetail.parameterFocus
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.orderDetail.parameter
  • Added Mandatory Element
ServiceRequest.orderDetail.parameter.code
  • Added Mandatory Element
ServiceRequest.orderDetail.parameter.value[x]
  • Added Mandatory Element
ServiceRequest.focus
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.asNeeded
  • Renamed from asNeeded[x] to asNeeded
  • Remove Type CodeableConcept
ServiceRequest.asNeededFor
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.requester
  • Type Reference: Added Target Type Group
ServiceRequest.performer
  • Type Reference: Added Target Type Group
ServiceRequest.location
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.reason
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.supportingInfo
  • Type changed from Reference(Resource) to CodeableReference
ServiceRequest.bodyStructure
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.patientInstruction
  • Max Cardinality changed from 1 to *
  • Type changed from string to BackboneElement
ServiceRequest.patientInstruction.instruction[x]
  • Added Element
ServiceRequest.locationCode
  • Deleted
ServiceRequest.locationReference
  • Deleted
ServiceRequest.reasonCode
  • Deleted (-> reason)
ServiceRequest.reasonReference
  • Deleted (-> reason)

See the Full Difference for further information

This analysis is available for R4 as XML or JSON and for R4B as XML or JSON .

 

Additional definitions: Master Definition XML + JSON , XML Schema / Schematron + JSON Schema , ShEx (for Turtle ) + see the extensions , the spreadsheet version & the dependency analysis

12.18.4.1 Terminology Bindings

Path ValueSet Type Documentation
ServiceRequest.status RequestStatus Required

Codes identifying the lifecycle stage of a request.

ServiceRequest.intent RequestIntent Required

Codes indicating the degree of authority/intentionality associated with a request.

ServiceRequest.category ServiceRequestCategoryCodes Example

An example value set of SNOMED CT concepts that can classify a requested service

ServiceRequest.priority RequestPriority Required

Identifies the level of importance to be assigned to actioning the request.

ServiceRequest.code ProcedureCodesSNOMEDCT Example

Procedure Code: All SNOMED CT procedure codes.

ServiceRequest.orderDetail.parameter.code ServiceRequestOrderDetailParameterCode Example

The order detail parameter codes.

ServiceRequest.asNeeded[x] ServiceRequest.asNeededFor SNOMEDCTMedicationAsNeededReasonCodes Example

This value set includes all clinical findings from SNOMED CT - provided as an exemplar value set.

ServiceRequest.performerType ParticipantRoles Example

Roles of participants that may be included in a care team. Defined as: Healthcare professional (occupation) or Services (qualifier value).

ServiceRequest.location ServiceDeliveryLocationRoleType icon Example

A role of a place that further classifies the setting (e.g., accident site, road side, work site, community location) in which services are delivered.

ServiceRequest.reason ProcedureReasonCodes Example

This example value set defines the set of codes that can be used to indicate a reason for a procedure.

ServiceRequest.bodySite SNOMEDCTBodyStructures Example

This value set includes all codes from SNOMED CT icon where concept is-a 442083009 (Anatomical or acquired body site (body structure)).

12.18.4.2 Constraints

UniqueKey Level Location Description Expression
img  bdystr-1 Rule (base) bodyStructure SHALL only be present if bodySite is not present bodySite.exists() implies bodyStructure.empty()
img  prr-1 Rule (base) orderDetail SHALL only be present if code is present orderDetail.empty() or code.exists()
img  asn-1 Rule (base) asNeededFor SHALL only be present if asNeeded is empty or true asNeededFor.empty() or (asNeeded = true or asNeeded.empty())

12.18.5 Notes:

  • Many service requests will create a need to specify a specimen, body site, or body system. The request code will often have this information embedded in it - for example, 'serum glucose' or 'chest x-ray'. Alternatively, the specimen or bodysite element may be used to specify it.
  • The ServiceRequest should only reference the Specimen resource directly when the diagnostic investigation is requested on already existing specimens. Conversely, if the request is entered first with an uncollected specimen, the Specimen resource will reference the ServiceRequest resource when it is created.
  • The reasonCode element is often for billing purposes. It may relate to the resources referred to in supportingInfo element and may be used to decide how a procedure or diagnostic investigation will be performed, or even if it will be performed at all

12.18.6 Search Parameters

Search parameters for this resource. See also the full list of search parameters for this resource , and check the Extensions registry for search parameters on extensions related to this resource. The common parameters also apply. See Searching for more information about searching in REST, messaging, and services.

Name Type Description Expression In Common
authored date Date request signed ServiceRequest.authoredOn
based-on reference What request fulfills ServiceRequest.basedOn
( CarePlan , MedicationRequest , RequestOrchestration , NutritionOrder , ServiceRequest )
body-site token Where procedure is going to be done ServiceRequest.bodySite
body-structure reference Body structure Where procedure is going to be done ServiceRequest.bodyStructure
( BodyStructure )
category token Classification of service ServiceRequest.category
code-concept token What is being requested/ordered ServiceRequest.code.concept
code-reference reference What is being requested/ordered ServiceRequest.code.reference
encounter reference An encounter in which this request is made ServiceRequest.encounter
( Encounter ) 		29 28 Resources
group-or-identifier token Requisition ID or other identifier ServiceRequest.requisition | ServiceRequest.identifier
identifier token Identifiers assigned to this order ServiceRequest.identifier 65 64 Resources
instantiates-canonical reference Instantiates FHIR protocol or definition ServiceRequest.instantiatesCanonical
( PlanDefinition , ActivityDefinition )
instantiates-uri uri Instantiates external protocol or definition ServiceRequest.instantiatesUri
intent token proposal | plan | directive | order + ServiceRequest.intent
location-code token The preferred location specified in the ServiceRequest (coded) ServiceRequest.location.concept
location-reference reference The preferred location specified in the ServiceRequest (resource reference) ServiceRequest.location.reference
occurrence date When service should occur ServiceRequest.occurrence.ofType(dateTime) | ServiceRequest.occurrence.ofType(Period) | ServiceRequest.occurrence.ofType(Timing)
patient reference Search by subject - a patient ServiceRequest.subject.where(resolve() is Patient)
( Patient ) 		66 64 Resources
performer reference Requested performer ServiceRequest.performer
( Practitioner , Group , Organization , CareTeam , Device , Patient , HealthcareService , PractitionerRole , RelatedPerson )
performer-type token Performer role ServiceRequest.performerType
priority token routine | urgent | asap | stat ServiceRequest.priority
replaces reference What request replaces ServiceRequest.replaces
( ServiceRequest )
requester reference Who/what is requesting service ServiceRequest.requester
( Practitioner , Group , Organization , Device , Patient , PractitionerRole , RelatedPerson )
requisition token Composite Request ID ServiceRequest.requisition
specimen reference Specimen to be tested ServiceRequest.specimen
( Specimen )
status token draft | active | on-hold | revoked | completed | entered-in-error | unknown ServiceRequest.status
subject reference Search by subject ServiceRequest.subject
( Group , Device , Patient , Location )